Sekgahla sa kgolo ya diyantle tsa China dikgweding tse robedi tsa pele tsa selemo sena se fokotsehile ha se bapiswa le sa dilemo tse fetileng.Haholo-holo ka lebaka la lintlha tse ngata tse kang leano la China la "zero" bakeng sa thibelo le taolo ea seoa, boemo ba leholimo bo feteletseng, le tlhokahalo e fokolang ea mose ho maoatle, kholo ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha ea China e ile ea fokotseha haholo ka Phato.Leha ho le joalo, indasteri ea photovoltaic e fihletse liphello tse hlahelletseng tsa ho romela linaheng tse ling.
Ho ea ka lintlha tsa meetlo ea Sechaena, likhoeling tse robeli tsa pele tsa selemo sena, tlhahiso ea lisele tsa letsatsi tsa China e eketsehile haholo ka 91,2% ha e bapisoa le nako e tšoanang selemong se fetileng, eo thepa ea eona e eang Europe e eketsehile ka 138%.Ka lebaka la ho phahama ha theko ea matla Europe ka lebaka la ntoa ea Ukraine, tlhokahalo ea indasteri ea photovoltaic Europe e matla, 'me theko ea polysilicon, thepa e tala bakeng sa ho hlahisa.liphanele tsa letsatsi, e boetse e tsoetse pele ho phahama.
Indasteri ea photovoltaic ea Chaena e fihletse khōlo e potlakileng lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, 'me setsi sa lefats'e sa tlhahiso ea mochine oa photovoltaic se fetisitsoe ho tloha Europe le United States ho ea Chaena.Hona joale, Chaena ke naha e kholo ka ho fetisisa indastering ea photovoltaic ea lefats'e, Europe ke sebaka se ka sehloohong sa ho romela lihlahisoa tsa photovoltaic tsa Chaena, 'me linaha tse tsoelang pele tse kang India le Brazil le tsona li na le tlhokahalo e matla ea' maraka.Linaha tsa Europe li na le bokhoni bo fokolang ba tlhahiso, 'me ho itšetleha ka lihlahisoa tsa Sechaena tsa photovoltaic nakong ea phetoho ea matla ho behiloe lenaneong la EU,' me pitso ea ho khutla ha indasteri ea tlhahiso ea photovoltaic ea Europe e boetse e hlahile.
Ho phahama ha litheko tsa matla ho bakoang ke koluoa ea Ukraine ho entse hore Europe e nahane ka mefuta e fapaneng ea mehloli ea matla.Bahlahlobisisi ba lumela hore bothata ba matla ke monyetla oa hore Europe e potlakise mokhoa oa ho fetola matla.Europe e rera ho khaotsa ho sebelisa khase ea tlhaho ea Russia ka 2030, 'me ho feta 40% ea motlakase oa eona o tla tsoa mehloling e tsosolositsoeng.Linaha tseo e leng litho tsa EU li sebeletsa ho eketsa karolo ea 'maraka ea matla a letsatsi le a moea, ho li etsa mohloli oa bohlokoa oa motlakase oa nako e tlang.
Fang Sichun, mohlahlobisisi lefapheng la boeletsi la indasteri ea photovoltaic InfoLink, o itse: "Theko e phahameng ea motlakase e amme ba bang ba Europe.lifeme tsa photovoltaicho emisa tlhahiso le ho fokotsa matla a mojaro, mme sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea tlhahiso ea ketane ea phepelo ea photovoltaic ha e so fihle tlhahiso e felletseng.E le ho sebetsana ka katleho le bothata ba hona joale, Europe le eona e na le selemo sena.Tlhokahalo ea photovoltaics e na le tšepo e kholo, 'me InfoLink e hakanya tlhokahalo ea li-module tsa photovoltaic Europe selemong sena.
Ho ea ka Moprofesa Karen Pittel oa Jeremane ifo Institute for Economic Research le Leibniz Institute for Economic Research ea Univesithi ea Munich, ka mor'a ho qhoma ha ntoa ea Ukraine, kamohelo ea sechaba ea matla a tsosolositsoeng e eketsehile hape, e seng feela e amanang le maemo a phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo , empa hape e kenyelletsa taba ea ts'ireletso ea matla.Karen Pieter o itse: “Ha batho ba nahana ka ho potlakisa phetoho ea matla, ba tla nahana ka melemo le likotsi tsa eona.Melemo ke kamohelo e phahameng, tlholisano e betere, 'me EU e e hatelletse haholo.Ka mohlala, Jeremane e potlakisa ho thehoa ha maemo bakeng sa (lihlahisoa tsa photovoltaic) Ts'ebetso ea kopo e potlakile.Ka sebele ho na le mathata, haholo-holo mabaka a lichelete a teng nakong ea tlokotsi, le taba ea kamohelo ea sechaba ea kamohelo ea motho ka mong ea ho kenya lisebelisoa malapeng a bona. ”
Karen Pieter o buile ka ketsahalo e 'ngoe e etsahetseng Jeremane, joalo ka batho ba amohelang mohopolo oa matla a moea, empa ba sa rate taba ea hore lifeme tsa moea li haufi le matlo a bona.Ho feta moo, ha batho ba sa tsebe meputso ea nako e tlang, ho tsetela ho ka ba hlokolosi le ho tsilatsila.Ehlile, matla a ka nchafatsoang a na le tlholisano e kholo ha matla a mafura a fossil a theko e phahameng.
Photovoltaic ea Chinaka kakaretso etella pele
Linaha tsohle li ntse li ntlafatsa ka matla tlhahiso ea matla a photovoltaic e le ho finyella lipakane tsa ho fokotsa mocheso.Hajoale, matla a lefats'e a tlhahiso ea photovoltaic a tsepamisitsoe haholo China.Tlhahlobo e lumela hore sena se tla eketsa ho itšetleha ka lihlahisoa tsa China.Ho ea ka tlaleho ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Matla a Matla, Chaena e se e ntse e ikarabella ho feta 80% ea mehato ea bohlokoa ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi, 'me likarolo tse ling tse khethehileng tsa bohlokoa li lebeletsoe ho ikarabella ho feta 95% ka 2025. Lintlha li hlahisitse tšabo har'a bahlahlobisisi, ba supang hore lebelo la Europe la ho nts'etsapele tlhahiso ea PV le butle haholo ho feta la China.Ho latela data ea Eurostat, 75% ea liphanele tsa letsatsi tse kentsoeng EU ka 2020 li tsoa China.
Hajoale, matla a tlhahiso ea matla a letsatsi le lisebelisoa tsa moea tsa China a etelletse pele 'maraka oa lefats'e,' me e na le taolo e felletseng holim'a ketane ea phepelo.Ho ea ka tlaleho ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Matla, ho tloha ka 2021, Chaena e na le 79% ea matla a lefats'e a tlhahiso ea polysilicon, e etsang karolo ea 97% ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea lefats'e, 'me e hlahisa 85% ea lisele tsa letsatsi tsa lefats'e.Tlhokahalo e kopaneng ea liphanele tsa letsatsi Europe le Amerika Leboea e feta karolo ea boraro ea tlhoko ea lefats'e, 'me libaka tsena tse peli li na le karolelano e ka tlase ho 3% e' ngoe le e 'ngoe bakeng sa mekhahlelo eohle ea tlhahiso ea matla a letsatsi.
Alexander Brown, mofuputsi oa Mercator Institute ea Chaena Jeremane, o ile a re baeta-pele ba EU ba ile ba arabela ka potlako ntoeng ea Ukraine 'me ba qala leano le lecha la ho sebetsana le ho itšetleha ka matla a Russia, empa sena ha sea ka sa bontša hore matla a Europe A bofokoli bo boholo ba tšireletso, eo European Union e entseng moralo o bitsoang REPowerEU, e ikemiselitseng ho fihla ho 320 GW ea matla a ho hlahisa matla a letsatsi ka 2025 le ho eketseha ho 600 GW ka 2030. Matla a hona joale a Europe a ho fehla matla a letsatsi ke 160 GW..
Limmaraka tse peli tse kholo tsa Europe le Amerika Leboea hajoale li itšetlehile haholo ka ho kenngoa ha lihlahisoa tsa China photovoltaic, 'me matla a tlhahiso ea lehae Europe a hole le ho fihlela tlhoko ea bona.Linaha tsa Europe le Amerika Leboea li se li qalile ho hlokomela hore ho itšetleha ka lihlahisoa tsa Machaena ha se tharollo ea nako e telele, kahoo li ntse li batla ka mafolofolo litharollo tsa sebaka sa phepelo .
Alexander Brown o ile a bontša hore ho itšetleha ka matla ha Europe ho lihlahisoa tsa PV tsa Chaena tse tsoang linaheng tse ling ho hlahisitse mathata a lipolotiki Europe, a nkoang e le kotsi ea ts'ireletso, le hoja e se tšokelo ea mehaho ea Europe e le tšokelo ea cybersecurity, Chaena e ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi e le leqhubu la ho falla Europe. ."Ena ke kotsi ea phepelo ea thepa, 'me ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, e tlisa theko e phahameng indastering ea Europe.Nakong e tlang, ka lebaka leha e le lefe, hang ha thepa e tsoang Chaena e khaotsoe, e tla tlisa theko e phahameng ho lik'hamphani tsa Europe 'me e ka' na ea liehisa Ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi la Europe ".
Phetoho ea Europe ea PV
Ha a ngola makasineng ea PV, makasine ea indasteri ea photovoltaic, Julius Sakalauskas, CEO oa moetsi oa lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi tsa Lithuania SoliTek, o bontšitse matšoenyeho mabapi le ho itšetleha ka matla ha Europe ho lihlahisoa tsa China tsa PV.Sengoloa se bontšitse hore thepa e tsoang China e kanna ea angoa ke leqhubu le lecha la livaerase le merusu ea thepa, hammoho le likhohlano tsa lipolotiki, joalo ka ha Lithuania e bile le phihlelo.
Sehlooho se bontšitse hore ts'ebetsong e khethehileng ea leano la matla a letsatsi la EU le lokela ho nkoa ka hloko.Ha ho hlake hore na Komisi ea Europe e tla fana ka lichelete joang bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea photovoltaics ho linaha tsa litho.Ke feela ka tšehetso ea nako e telele ea tlhōlisano ea lichelete bakeng sa tlhahiso, lihlahisoa tsa photovoltaic tsa Europe li tla hlaphoheloa.Bokhoni ba tlhahiso e kholo bo ka khoneha moruong.EU e behile sepheo sa leano la ho tsosolosa indasteri ea photovoltaic Europe, ho sa tsotellehe litšenyehelo, ka lebaka la bohlokoa ba moralo oa moruo.Likhamphani tsa Europe li ke ke tsa qothisana lehlokoa le lik'hamphani tsa Asia ka theko, 'me bahlahisi ba hloka ho nahana ka tharollo ea nako e telele e tsitsitseng le e ncha.
Alexander Brown o lumela hore ho ke ke ha qojoa hore Chaena e tla laola 'maraka ka nako e khutšoanyane,' me Europe e tla tsoelapele ho kenya chelete e ngata ea theko e tlaase.Lihlahisoa tsa Sechaena tsa photovoltaic, ha e ntse e potlakisa ts'ebetso ea ho khothaletsa matla a tsosolositsoeng.Ka nako e mahareng ho isa ho nako e telele, Europe e na le mehato ea ho fokotsa ho its'etleha ho China, ho kenyeletsoa le bokhoni ba ho ikahela ba European Union le European Union's European Solar Initiative.Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na monyetla oa hore Europe e arohane ka ho feletseng le bafani ba Machaena, 'me bonyane tekanyo e itseng ea ho tiea e ka thehoa, ebe ho ka thehoa mekhoa e meng ea phepelo.
Khomishene ea Europe bekeng ena e amohetse ka molao ho theoa ha Photovoltaic Industry Alliance, sehlopha se nang le batho ba bangata se kenyelletsang indasteri eohle ea PV, ka sepheo sa ho holisa mekhoa e mecha.lihlahisoa tsa letsatsi PVle theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea module, ho potlakisa ho romelloa ha matla a letsatsi ho EU le ho ntlafatsa ho tiea ha tsamaiso ea matla ea EU.
Fang Sichun o boletse hore mmaraka o ntse o tsoela pele ho ba le bahlahisi ba ho bokella le ho utloisisa bokhoni ba phepelo ea mose ho maoatle bo sa etsoang China.“Litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi, motlakase le tse ling tsa tlhahiso ea Europe li holimo, ’me litšenyehelo tsa matsete tsa thepa ea lisele li holimo.Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo e ntse e tla ba teko e kholo.Sepheo sa leano la Europe ke ho theha 20 GW ea silicon wafer, sele, le bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea module Europe ka 2025. Leha ho le joalo, hona joale, ho na le merero e tobileng ea ho atolosa 'me ke baetsi ba seng bakae feela ba qalileng ho e sebelisa, le litaelo tsa thepa ea sebele. ha li so bonoe.Haeba tlhahiso ea lehae Europe e tla ntlafala, e ntse e hloka ho bona hore na European Union e na le melaoana e nepahetseng ea tšehetso nakong e tlang. ”
Ha ho bapisoa le lihlahisoa tsa European photovoltaic, lihlahisoa tsa Sechaena li na le phaello e feletseng ea tlhōlisano ka theko.Alexander Brown o lumela hore ho iketsetsa le ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ngata ho ka matlafatsa tlhōlisano ea lihlahisoa tsa Europe."Ke nahana hore othomathike e tla ba ntho ea bohlokoa, 'me haeba lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso Europe kapa linaheng tse ling li sebetsa haholo ebile li le tekanyo e lekaneng, sena se tla fokotsa melemo ea China mabapi le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa basebetsi le moruo o moholo.Tlhahiso ea Sechaena ea li-module tsa letsatsi e boetse e itšetlehile haholo ka mesaletsa ea matla a mafura.Haeba lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa tlhahiso linaheng tse ling li ka hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi ho tloha ho matla a tsosolositsoeng, sena se tla fokotsa haholo carbon footprint, e tla ba molemo oa tlhōlisano.Sena se tla lefa mekhoeng e tlang e hlahisitsoeng ke EU joalo ka meeli ea khabone The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, e tla fana ka kotlo ho tsoa ha khabone e phahameng ea lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha. ”
Karen Pieter o boletse hore litšenyehelo tsa mosebetsi oa ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi Europe li theohile haholo, tse tla thusa ho ntlafatsa tlhōlisano ea indasteri ea photovoltaic ea Europe.Ho khutlela ha indasteri ea photovoltaic Europe ho hloka chelete e ngata 'me e tlameha ho ba le chelete e lekaneng.Mohato oa pele oa indasteri o ka hloka tšehetso le matsete a European Union ho tsoa linaheng tse ling.Ha a nka Jeremane e le mohlala, Karen Pieter o ile a re lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa Jeremane li bokelletse tsebo le phihlelo e lekaneng ea tekheniki nakong e fetileng, 'me lik'hamphani tse ngata li ile tsa koaloa ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse phahameng, empa tsebo ea theknoloji e ntse e le teng.
Karen Pieter o boletse hore litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi li theohile ka hoo e ka bang 90% lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, "Hona joale re nakong eo liphanele tsa letsatsi li tlamehang ho romelloa ho tloha Chaena ho ea Europe.Nakong e fetileng litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi li ne li le ngata 'me lipalangoang li ne li se bohlokoa hakaalo, empa Boemong ba ho theoha ha litšenyehelo tsa basebetsi, thepa e bohlokoa ho feta pele, e leng senotlolo sa tlhōlisano."
Alexander Brown o boletse hore Europe le United States li na le melemo e matla lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele.Europe, United States le Japane li ka sebelisana 'moho le Chaena ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ncha tse sebetsang hantle le tse bolokang tikoloho.Ehlile, mebuso ea Europe le eona e ka sireletsa Europe haeba e batla ho qothisana lehlokoa le boemo ba tekheniki.khoebo kapa ho fana ka tšehetso.
Tlaleho ea InfoLink, setsebi sa indasteri ea photovoltaic, e bontšitse hore ho na le litšusumetso bakeng sa baetsi ba Europe ho atolosa tlhahiso Europe, haholo-holo ho kenyeletsa le matla a maholo a 'maraka oa Europe, leano la EU la ho tšehetsa tsoelo-pele ea lehae, le kamohelo e phahameng ea theko ea' maraka.Phapang ea lihlahisoa e ntse e e-na le monyetla oa ho ba senatla sa tlhahiso ea photovoltaic.
Fang Sichun o boletse hore hona joale ha ho na leano le khethehileng la khothatso Europe, empa ke 'nete hore thuso ea leano e tla fa bahlahisi ts'usumetso ea ho kenya ts'ebetsong merero e amanang le katoloso ea tlhahiso,' me kenyelletso ea theknoloji e ncha e ka boela ea e-ba monyetla oa hore bahlahisi ba be le monyetla oa ho etsa joalo. fihla likhutlong.Leha ho le joalo, phepelo e sa phethahalang ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa mose ho maoatle, litheko tse phahameng tsa motlakase, theko ea lichelete le litefiso tsa phapanyetsano li tla lula li le matšoenyeho a patiloeng nakong e tlang.
Tsoelopele eaIndasteri ea PV ea China
Mathoasong a lekholo lena la lilemo, indasteri ea photovoltaic ea Chaena e ne e sa le monyenyane, 'me lihlahisoa tsa photovoltaic tsa Chaena li ne li e-na le karolo e nyenyane haholo ea' maraka oa lefatše.Lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng, indasteri ea lefats'e ea photovoltaic e bile le liphetoho tse kholo.Indasteri ea photovoltaic ea Chaena e qalile ho ba le mohato oa kholo e sehlōhō.Ka 2008, indasteri ea photovoltaic ea Chaena Matla a tlhahiso a se a fetile Jeremane, a behiloe pele lefatšeng, 'me matla a tlhahiso a etsa hoo e batlang e le halofo ea lefats'e.Ka ho ata ha koluoa ea moruo oa lefats'e ka 2008, lik'hamphani tsa China tsa photovoltaic le tsona li amehile.Lekhotla la Naha la China le thathamisitse indasteri ea photovoltaic e le indasteri e nang le bokhoni bo feteletseng ho 2009. Ho tloha 2011, linaha tse kholo tsa moruo oa lefats'e tse kang United States, European Union, Japan le India li qalile lipatlisiso tse khahlanong le ho lahla le ho thibela lithuso ho photovoltaic ea Chaena. indasteri.Indasteri ea photovoltaic ea Chaena e oetse nakong ea pherekano.ho putlama.
'Muso oa Chaena o tšehelitse le ho tšehetsa indasteri ea photovoltaic ka lilemo tse ngata.Nakong ea pele ea tsoelo-pele ea indasteri ea photovoltaic, mebuso ea libaka e ile ea fana ka maano a khahlehang a khethollo le maemo a kalimo bakeng sa merero ea photovoltaic ha e hohela matsete ka lebaka la katleho ea bona ea lipolotiki.Libaka tsa Delta tsa Noka ea Yangtze joalo ka Jiangsu le Zhejiang.Ho phaella moo, bothata ba tšilafalo e bakiloeng ke tlhahiso ea liphanele tsa letsatsi bo bakile boipelaetso bo bongata ba baahi.
Ka 2013, Lekhotla la Naha la China le ile la fana ka leano la lithuso bakeng sa phepelo ea matla a photovoltaic, 'me matla a China a kentsoeng a ho fehla matla a motlakase a nyolohile ho tloha ho li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 19 ka 2013 ho ea ho li-kilowatt tse ka bang limilione tse 310 ka 2021. matla a moea ho tloha 2021.
Ka lebaka la maano a khothatsang a fanoeng ke mmuso oa China le boqapi ba theknoloji eaindasteri ea photovoltaic, karolelano ea litšenyehelo tsa indasteri ea lefats'e ea ho etsa photovoltaic e theohile ka 80% lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, e leng se entseng hore ho be le keketseho e kholo ea matla a tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea photovoltaic.Europe e tlase ka 35%, 20% e tlase ho feta US, esita le 10% e tlase ho feta India.
United States, European Union le China kaofela li ipehetse lipakane tsa ho laola phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le ho eketsa tšebeliso ea matla a tsosolositsoeng ho fihlela ba fihla ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon.Tsamaiso ea Biden e ikemiselitse ho atolosa tšebeliso ea matla a letsatsi e le ho finyella sepheo sa ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha carbon.Sepheo se behiloeng ke 'muso oa US ke hore ka 2035, motlakase oohle United States o tla be o fanoe ka matla a letsatsi, moea le matla a nyutlelie, 'me ho se na likhase tse ngata.EU, tlhahiso ea matla a ka nchafatsoang e fetile mafura a khale ka lekhetlo la pele ka 2020, 'me EU e tla eketsa karolo ea mmaraka ea matla a tsosolositsoeng, ka matla a letsatsi le a moea e le tsona lipheo tsa mantlha.European Commission e sisinya ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea khase ea greenhouse ka 50% ka 2030 le ho fihlela ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon ka 2050. China e etsa tlhahiso ea hore ka 2030, karolo ea matla a se nang mesaletsa ea tšebeliso ea matla a mantlha e tla fihla hoo e ka bang 25%, e leng kakaretso e kentsoeng ea matla a moea. matla le matla a letsatsi li tla fihla ho li-kilowatts tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 1.2, 'me ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon ho tla fihleloa ka 2060.
Nako ea poso: Oct-28-2022